Pollination


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of the same or another flower is known as pollination. The transfer of pollen to the stigma of the same flower or of flowers borne by the same plant is known as self-pollination  (as in pea and Hibiscus).

Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species. It is very common in most flowering plants. Pollen can be carried with the help of many agents such as insects, birds, wind and water. Flowers and pollen grains are modified to facilitate the process of cross-pollination.

For example :

 Insect-pollinated flowers are colourful so that they attract insects. This type of pollination is seen in plants with attractive flowers like kiwi fruit, okra, potato, onion, cashew etc.This type of pollination is called as entomophily.

Wind-pollinated flowers produce light pollen grains which can be carried by the wind. This type of pollination is seen in plants like maple tree, grasses, dandelion etc. This type of pollination is called as anemophily.

In water pollinated flowers pollination is carried out with the help of water and is known as hydrophilous type of cross pollination. This type pollination is carried out with the help of water and is known as hydrophilous type of cross pollination. For e.g: Vallisenaria, Zostera, Hydrilla etc.

In Ornithophily,  pollination is done by birds. Birds which come to feed material and fruits often allow dispersal of pollen grains with them to other nearby flowers. Such flowers are known as  Ornithophilous. For eg : Bignonia, Bottle brush, Butea, Bombax etc.

 

                   

Sample Questions
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Question : 1

For self - pollination, a flower should be __________________

Right Option : D
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Explanation
Question : 2

Which of the following are correct ?

(a) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is known as pollination. When the anthers grow and mature; they burst open and release pollen grains (male gametes).

(b) The pollen grains are carried to the stigma (female part) of another flower (of the same type) by insects, birds, wind or water.

(c) Insects and birds visit flowers to collect nectar and they are called as pollinators.

Right Option : D
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Explanation
Question : 3

The migration of pollen grains to stigma is called as ___________________

Right Option : B
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Explanation
 
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